Comprehensive Guide to Water Quality in New Hampshire State: Contaminants, Issues, and Water Filtration Solutions

by Ryan Moreau / updated February 27th, 2025

New Hampshire, often called the Granite State, boasts an abundance of water resources—from the majestic Lakes Region to the pristine rivers flowing through its forests and mountains. Despite its natural beauty, New Hampshire faces unique water quality challenges due to its geological composition, agricultural activities, and legacy industrial sites. In this comprehensive guide, we delve into the common contaminants affecting New Hampshire’s water, regional challenges, and effective filtration solutions. Begin by utilizing our Water Quality Tool to receive a personalized analysis of your local water conditions.

A hyper-realistic, 4K cinematic photograph of the key water features and natural landscapes in New Hampshire. Vibrant, sharp focus, no text overlays or signage.

 

Overview of New Hampshire’s Water Sources

New Hampshire’s water supply is richly varied, drawing from numerous natural sources that support both its rural communities and urban centers. Key sources include:

  • Lakes and Ponds: The Lakes Region, including Lake Winnipesaukee and Squam Lake, provides water for recreation and municipal use.
  • Rivers and Streams: Major rivers like the Merrimack, Connecticut, and Androscoggin are crucial for drinking water, industry, and hydroelectric power.
  • Groundwater Aquifers: A significant portion of New Hampshire’s population relies on private wells tapping into groundwater aquifers.
  • Public Water Systems: Cities like Manchester and Nashua source water from local reservoirs and rivers, supplying thousands of residents.

Protecting these water sources requires vigilant monitoring and proactive management to address both natural and human-induced contaminants.

Common Water Quality Contaminants in New Hampshire

New Hampshire’s water can be affected by a variety of contaminants stemming from its geological features and human activities. To better understand the potential issues in your area, start with our Water Quality Tool and consider these prevalent concerns:

1. Arsenic

Arsenic occurs naturally in New Hampshire’s bedrock and is one of the most common contaminants in private wells. Long-term exposure to arsenic can lead to serious health problems, including skin conditions and an increased risk of cancer. The New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (NHDES) has identified arsenic as a significant public health concern.

Water Filtration Options for Arsenic: Reverse Osmosis Water Filters, Activated Alumina Filters

2. Radon

Radon gas, another naturally occurring contaminant, can dissolve into groundwater from surrounding bedrock. Radon in water can contribute to indoor air radon levels when water is used for showering and other household activities, posing risks of lung cancer.

Water Filtration Options for Radon: Aeration Systems, Granular Activated Carbon Filters

3. Manganese and Iron

Elevated levels of manganese and iron are common in New Hampshire’s groundwater. While typically not health-threatening, high concentrations can affect the taste, odor, and color of water, and can stain plumbing fixtures and laundry.

Water Filtration Options for Manganese and Iron: Whole House Water Filters with oxidation and filtration capabilities

4. Nitrates

Agricultural activities and improper septic systems can lead to elevated nitrate levels in groundwater. High nitrate levels are particularly dangerous for infants, potentially causing methemoglobinemia or “blue baby syndrome.”

Water Filtration Options for Nitrates: Reverse Osmosis Water Filters, Ion Exchange Systems

5. Bacteria (E. coli and Coliform)

Microbial contamination from surface water intrusion or faulty septic systems can introduce coliform bacteria and E. coli into private wells. These pathogens can cause gastrointestinal illnesses and other infections.

Water Filtration Options for Bacteria: UV Disinfection Systems, Chlorination followed by Filtration

6. Lead and Copper

Corrosion of household plumbing systems made from lead and copper can leach these metals into drinking water. Lead exposure is particularly harmful to children, affecting neurological development.

Water Filtration Options for Lead and Copper: Reverse Osmosis Systems, Certified Lead Removal Filters

7. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

VOC contamination can result from industrial sites, leaking underground storage tanks, and the use of solvents and fuels. Compounds like MTBE (methyl tertiary-butyl ether) have been detected in some areas, posing health risks including liver and kidney damage.

Water Filtration Options for VOCs: Activated Carbon Filters

8. Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

PFAS contamination has been identified at several sites in New Hampshire due to industrial activities and the use of firefighting foams. PFAS are persistent in the environment and may lead to adverse health effects such as thyroid disease and immune system disruptions.

Water Filtration Options for PFAS: Activated Carbon Filters, Reverse Osmosis Systems

9. Uranium

Similar to arsenic and radon, uranium is a naturally occurring element in New Hampshire’s bedrock. Consuming water with high levels of uranium can lead to kidney damage over time.

Water Filtration Options for Uranium: Anion Exchange Systems, Reverse Osmosis Systems

A clean, modern, text-free infographic map of New Hampshire, highlighting major water sources and regions with water quality concerns. No text overlays.

 

Regional Water Quality Challenges in New Hampshire

New Hampshire’s landscape and history contribute to region-specific water quality challenges. According to the NHDES and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), key regional concerns include:

1. The Seacoast Region: PFAS Contamination

The Seacoast area, including towns like Portsmouth and Greenland, has faced PFAS contamination due to past industrial activities and the use of firefighting foams at Pease Air Force Base. Local authorities are actively working on remediation and providing residents with guidance on water treatment options (EPA – PFAS Information).

2. Central New Hampshire: Arsenic in Bedrock Wells

In central regions, particularly where private wells tap into bedrock aquifers, arsenic levels often exceed federal standards. Homeowners are encouraged to test their water and install appropriate treatment systems to reduce arsenic levels.

3. Rural Areas: Bacterial Contamination

Rural communities relying on private wells may experience bacterial contamination due to inadequate well construction or proximity to septic systems and agricultural operations. Regular testing and maintenance are critical for ensuring safe water.

General Water Characteristics in New Hampshire

Understanding the inherent qualities of New Hampshire’s water can help residents select the most effective treatment solutions. Key characteristics include:

1. Water Hardness

Water hardness varies across New Hampshire, with many areas experiencing moderately hard water due to dissolved minerals like calcium and magnesium. Hard water can lead to scale buildup in pipes and reduce the efficiency of water heaters and appliances.

For those dealing with hard water, installing a water softener can mitigate these issues. Unsure about which system suits your home? Use our Water Softener Calculator for personalized recommendations.

A detailed, photo-realistic shot of a modern water filtration system in a New Hampshire home, showcasing advanced water treatment technology, no text.

2. Acidic Water

Due to the Granite State’s geology, some private wells produce slightly acidic water with low pH levels. Acidic water can corrode plumbing systems, leading to leaching of metals like lead and copper into the water supply.

  • Low pH Levels: Acidic conditions (pH below 7) can damage metal pipes over time.
  • Health Risks: Corrosion can introduce harmful metals into drinking water.

To correct acidic water, homeowners can install acid neutralizing filters that raise the pH to a neutral level, protecting both health and plumbing infrastructure.

A close-up, high-definition image of heavily corroded pipes in an older New Hampshire building, demonstrating the impact of aging infrastructure, no text overlays.

 

3. Natural Radioactivity

The presence of certain radioactive elements like radon and uranium in groundwater is a result of New Hampshire’s granite bedrock. These contaminants require specific treatment methods to ensure water safety.

  • Granite Bedrock: A natural source of radon and uranium affecting groundwater quality.
  • Testing and Treatment: Regular testing for radioactive contaminants is crucial for private well owners.

Effective mitigation often involves specialized filtration systems designed to remove radioactive particles, safeguarding your family’s health.

A stylized cross-sectional diagram of New Hampshire's geology and aquifers, showing groundwater flow and natural springs, no text or labels.

Utilizing the Water Quality Tool for New Hampshire Residents

Determining the specific contaminants in your local water supply is the first step toward effective treatment. Our Water Quality Tool allows New Hampshire residents to:

  • Input their zip code for tailored water quality reports
  • Access data on common contaminants in their area
  • Receive customized filtration system recommendations based on identified issues

Addressing the specific water quality issues prevalent in New Hampshire requires targeted filtration solutions. The following systems are highly recommended:

1. Reverse Osmosis Systems

Reverse Osmosis (RO) Systems are highly effective at removing a wide range of contaminants, including arsenic, uranium, nitrates, and lead. RO systems are suitable for under-sink installations and can be scaled for whole-house use.

2. Activated Carbon Filters

Activated Carbon Filters excel at removing organic compounds, VOCs, and improving taste and odor. They are an excellent choice for reducing contaminants like PFAS and certain pesticides.

3. Water Softeners

Water Softeners address the issues associated with hard water by removing calcium and magnesium ions. This not only extends the lifespan of appliances but also improves water quality for bathing and cleaning.

4. Acid Neutralizers

Acid Neutralizers correct low pH levels in acidic water, preventing corrosion of plumbing and reducing metal leaching. These systems typically use calcite or magnesium oxide to raise the water’s pH.

A side-by-side comparison graphic of three water filtration systems effective in New Hampshire—reverse osmosis, activated carbon, and whole-house—no text or branding.

Local Water Testing Services in New Hampshire

Comprehensive water testing is vital for identifying contaminants and ensuring the effectiveness of treatment solutions. We recommend using SimpleLab for thorough water quality analysis. Their easy-to-use kits and detailed lab reports provide invaluable insights into your water’s composition.

Case Studies: Addressing Water Quality Issues in New Hampshire

Examining real-life examples can offer practical insights into managing water quality challenges in New Hampshire:

1. The Town of Merrimack: Combating PFAS Contamination

Residents of Merrimack faced PFAS contamination linked to a local manufacturing facility. The community collaborated with state agencies to install advanced filtration systems in municipal water supplies and provided guidance for private well owners on effective treatment options.

2. Rural Homeowners: Arsenic Mitigation in Private Wells

In rural areas, homeowners discovered elevated arsenic levels through routine testing. Installing point-of-use reverse osmosis systems successfully reduced arsenic concentrations, ensuring safe drinking water for their families.

3. Seacoast Communities: Addressing Radon in Water

Seacoast residents dealing with high radon levels installed aeration systems, effectively removing radon from their water before it entered their homes. This proactive approach minimized health risks associated with radon exposure.

A before-and-after photo sequence of water infrastructure upgrades in New Hampshire, highlighting improvements in water quality, no text overlays.

Call to Action

New Hampshire’s abundant natural water resources are both a blessing and a challenge, requiring diligence to ensure safety and quality. By understanding the specific contaminants and characteristics of your local water, you can take meaningful steps to protect your household’s health.

Begin by entering your zip code into our Water Quality Tool to receive a detailed analysis of your water supply. Explore our filter review articles to find the most suitable treatment solutions for your needs. Finally, confirm the effectiveness of your chosen system with comprehensive water testing services, ensuring that you and your family enjoy clean, safe water every day.



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